noun Decomposition into components in order to study (a complex thing, concept, theory, etc.).
comparative analysis
noun The result of such a process.
noun A broad field of study in modern mathematics (often mentioned alongside algebra) which developed out of the calculus, concerned with the behavior of functions, sequences, series, limits, metric spaces, measures and more.
noun Proof by deduction from known truths.
noun The process of breaking down a substance into its constituent parts, or the result of this process.
noun The analytical study of melodies, harmonies, sequences, repetitions, variations, quotations, juxtapositions, and surprises.